Research Article	Seroprevalence and Genotype Distribution of Hepatitis C Virus in Mogadishu, Somalia: A Comprehensive Study Mogadişu, Somali'de Hepatit C Virusu Seroprevalansı ve Genotip Dağılımı: Kapsamlı Bir Çalışma *Abdirahim ALI ADAM^1[ID], Fatih ŞAHİNER^2[ID], Alpaslan TANOĞLU^3[ID], Tuğrul HOŞBUL^4[ID], Mohamed Abdulkadir HASSAN KADLE^5[ID], Marian MUSE OSMAN^6[ID], Saim YÜKSEL^1[ID], Hilmi Erdem SÜMBÜL^7[ID], Nurettin AY^7[ID], İlhan CEBECİ^8[ID], Ahmed Muhammad BASHIR^7[ID], Onur BAHÇECİ^9[ID] Abstract Liver cancer is the second-most common form of cancer among men in Somalia. However, data on the epidemiology of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections are limited. This study aimed to examine the basic epidemiological characteristics of HCV infections, in Mogadishu, Somalia. In this study, anti-HCV seropositivity was investigated in participants who applied to a tertiary care hospital in Mogadishu between 2015 and 2019 using an Architect anti-HCV immunoassay. HCV genotype determinations were performed in two different accredited external laboratories located in Turkey. A total of 115,659 tests were included the study reported for 102,601 different individuals and anti-HCV seropositivity were found for 1,447 different patients (1.41%). Seropositivity was found as 0.26% among healthy individuals (20/7,789), which is a subgroup of the study population. Furthermore, seropositivity was found in 0.26% (55/20,784) of individuals under the age of 20 years and 6.2% (424/6,837) of aged >70 years. Finally, seropositivity was significantly more prevalent among men than among women (1.64% and 1.15%, respectively; p<0.0001). Seventy-three HCV genotypes were determined in 71 patients, including Genotype 1a (5.48%), Genotype 1b (10.96%), Genotype 3 (31.5%), Genotype 4 (49.3%), and Genotype 5 (2.74%). Mixed genotypes (Genotypes 3 and 4) were detected in two patients. This study is the most comprehensive epidemiological study carried out in Somalia since the discovery of HCV, and also it is the first study to investigate HCV genotypes among Somali residents. We believe that the data presented herein will contribute to the development of preventive health policies. Keywords: Anti-HCV, Architect, Seroprevalence, Liver cancer. Özet Karaciğer kanseri, Somali'de erkekler arasında en yaygın ikinci kanser türüdür. Ancak, hepatit C virusu (HCV) enfeksiyonlarının epidemiyolojisine ilişkin veriler sınırlıdır. Bu çalışma, Somali Mogadişu’da HCV enfeksiyonlarının temel epidemiyolojik özelliklerini incelemeyi amaçlamıştır. Bu çalışmada 2015-2019 yılları arasında Mogadişu'da üçüncü basamak bir hastaneye başvuran katılımcılarda Architect anti-HCV immunoassay ile anti-HCV seropozitifliği araştırılmıştır. HCV genotip tayinleri Türkiye'de bulunan iki ayrı akredite dış laboratuvarda gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmaya 102.601 farklı birey için rapor edilen toplam 115.659 test dahil edilmiş ve 1.447 farklı hastada (%1.41) anti-HCV seropozitifliği bulunmuştur. Çalışma popülasyonunun bir alt grubu olan sağlıklı bireylerde seropozitiflik %0.26 (20/7.789) olarak bulundu. Seropozitiflik ayrıca 20 yaş altı bireylerde %0.26 (55/20.784) ve 70 yaş üstü bireylerde %6.2 (424/6.837) olarak saptandı. Son olarak, seropozitiflik erkeklerde kadınlara göre anlamlı derecede daha yüksekti (sırasıyla %1.64 ve %1.15; p<0,0001). Genotip 1a (%5.48), Genotip 1b (%10.96), Genotip 3 (%31.5), Genotip 4 (%49.3) ve Genotip 5 (%2.74) olmak üzere 71 hastada 73 HCV genotipi belirlendi. İki hastada çoklu genotip (Genotip 3 ve 4) varlığı tespit edildi. Bu çalışma, HCV'nin keşfinden bu yana Somali'de yürütülen en kapsamlı epidemiyolojik çalışma olup, Somali’de yerleşik halk arasında HCV genotiplerini araştıran ilk çalışmadır. Burada sunulan verilerin koruyucu sağlık politikalarının geliştirilmesine katkı sağlayacağına inanıyoruz. Anahtar kelimeler: Anti-HCV, Architect, Seroprevalans, Karaciğer kanseri.
DOI: 10.46683/jmvi.2021.38
Article in English
^1Department of Infectious Disease and Clinical Microbiology, Mogadishu Somalia-Turkey Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Mogadishu, Somalia. ^2Department of Medical Microbiology, Mogadishu Somalia-Turkey Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Mogadishu, Somalia. ^3Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology, Sancaktepe Şehit Profesör İlhan Varank Education and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Türkiye. ^4Department of Medical Microbiology, Gulhane Medical Faculty, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Türkiye. ^5College of Medicine & Health Science, Abrar University, Centre of Liver Disease, SomGastro Clinic, Mogadishu, Somalia. ^6Department of Public Health, Mogadishu Somalia-Turkey Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Mogadishu, Somalia. ^7Department of Internal Medicine, Mogadishu Somalia-Turkey Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Mogadishu, Somalia. ^8Department of Internal Medicine, Gulhane Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Türkiye. ^9Department Medical Biochemistry, Mogadishu Somalia-Turkey Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Mogadishu, Somalia.
*Corresponding author Abdirahim Ali Adam; MD., Department of Infectious Disease and Clinical Microbiology, Mogadishu Somalia-Turkey Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Mogadishu, Somalia. E-mail: abdrahm5d5@gmail.com
Received: 30.07.2021 Accepted: 24.08.2021 Published: 26.08.2021
Cite as: Ali Adam A, Şahiner F, Tanoğlu A, Hoşbul T, Hassan Kadle MA, Muse Osman M, Yüksel S, Sümbül HE, Ay N, Cebeci İ, Bashir AM, Bahçeci O. Seroprevalence and Genotype Distribution of Hepatitis C Virus in Mogadishu, Somalia: A Comprehensive Study. J Mol Virol Immunol 2021; 2(3): 115-122.
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